Interview with Alastair Lukies

Published in Megabuyte, June 2013. Original article here (£).

Interview with Alastair Lukies
“Can I ask you a question?” Alastair Lukies leans back in his chair; we’ve been chatting in his brand new London office for about an hour. “Say you’re having beer in the pub later and tell a mate you’ve just interviewed the CEO of Monitise. If they ask you, what’s Monitise? How would you describe us?”

In the brochure, it says that Monitise is a world leader in mobile money, which is a much more sweeping statement than my response that the company enables banks to bring mobile applications to its customers. But then I’m not the entrepreneur who boldly co-founded a company set on world domination at the tail-end of the dot-com boom in 2003, aiming to glue big banks, payment companies and mobile operators together to create the wallet of the future. I didn’t ask what Lukies’ own mates said when he told them about his flash idea ten years ago, as it surely would have sounded like a tall order.

It’s been a long road from big idea to profitability, but Monitise is expected to finally be in the black by the end of its next financial year; Lukies will then finally have cold hard numbers to throw back at the analysts who tell him that until he’s profitable, he should refrain from using the word “successful”. But looking at what AIM-listed Monitise has achieved in its ten years it seems churlish to deny that Lukies has done all right: Monitise has seen a steady rise in user numbers, established ties with an increasing number of major global banks, and maintained a long-standing collaboration with payments giant Visa. And the ambition to rule the world of money looks increasingly doable, as steady progress is demonstrated; recent developments includes a peer-to-peer mobile payments service in collaboration with BlackBerry and Bank Permata in Indonesia, and a white-labelled payment service that enables operators to take card payments via mobile phones.

A British company
While the rise of a British success story such as Monitise is a compelling tale, the most interesting titbit for the pub may well be the description of Lukies himself. He’s the first to admit he “looks about twelve”, although he’s celebrating his 40th birthday this year. Although he’s in a professional dark blue suit at the other side of a conference table, there’s something almost cheeky about the CEO, who comes across as open and relaxed as we chat in a room filled with personal photos and rugby memorabilia; the CEO is a veteran of Saracens and London Irish, before too many broken bones forced a career re-think. Lukies travels for about three weeks of the month to meet with collaborators of his increasingly international company, which is also the reason we’ve had to reschedule this meeting about half a dozen times.

To the question of his secret to building Monitise from seed to profitable corporation, Lukies points to his knack for team-building, crediting the clever idea to Steve Atkinson, his ex-Vodafone co-founder: “I met this guy who was much cleverer than me, who had a good idea for what would happen to the mobile money space. I get a huge amount of pleasure out of putting a team together. It’s quite a big team now, about 750 people.” But if Lukies comes with a good dollop of British modesty, he will still admit to aspirations of playing in the global big league. Last year’s acquisition of US competitor Clairmail showed that Monitise isn’t happy just to collaborate with its Silicon Valley peers, and it certainly doesn’t want to be owned by them.

“I am very proud of how Britain punches above its weight,” nods Lukies. “But we haven’t always been the best at singing the praises of tech success that we have. We are a little bit embarrassed about entrepreneurship, about risk-taking and all the things you need to create that kind of ecosystem of technology companies. Do I see my role as being a bit of a Pied Piper for UK doing more of this sort of thing? Yes, I absolutely hope Monitise is a good example.”

Just as last year’s Olympics led to a surge in memberships for sports clubs, Lukies wants to see more celebration of iconic business leaders in the hope this can encourage more entrepreneurs to create UK companies and jobs. Richard Branson is the one most people know, but, notes Lukies, we should also be elevating the likes of Carphone Warehouse’s Charles Dunstone, Mike Harris of First Direct and Egg, and the “phenomenal” Warren East of ARM, whose example he brings up several times: “We need iconic business heroes who we can look up to.”

A family experience
Monitise happened because Lukies and Atkinson got excited about the sweet spot of mobile and financial collision; the statistics are six billion mobile phones and over two billion banks accounts, meaning there’s almost four billion people who for some reason do not have a bank account. But Lukies’ core motivation has always been building teams: “I have never really been motivated by anything other than creating teams my whole life: in sports, in school, in friendships. I get a huge buzz out of that.” He describes himself as a shepherd in sheep’s clothing, rejecting the notion of a crackdown leadership style: “You have to really be part of your flock, really understand everything about your team and what motivates them. The tech guys are motivated by different things than sales guys. I get a huge thrill from seeing people grow.”

This is a topic dear to Lukies’ heart, as he brings it up again when asked what he does when he’s not working (rugby, skiing, swimming, the Baptist church, family roast dinners and long walks with wife Helen). He points out how many work colleagues have become true friends: “If you are spending 70% of your life with the people you work with … well, if you aren’t getting on with them, what a miserable time you will have in life!” So what happens when you have to sack one of them, I ask, pointing out how founder-run companies can struggle with this issue as they grow.

“This is a really interesting topic, this thing about modern-day leadership” says Lukies, leaning forward in his seat. “I believe, if you cultivate a culture of true honesty, real trust like you have to have it in a sports team – in a rugby team you have to trust each other totally and completely when you are playing at the highest level. I’ll be standing at one position and you are standing next to me, and there are guys running at us at 50 miles per hour. If I don’t believe you are going to do your job I will get distracted and that’s going to create a gap. It’s about the level of trust between you as a team.” He pauses. “I still meet a lot of people who think the more senior you are, the less personable you have to be. I think it’s the complete opposite. I think as a leader of a company you have to show people that it’s about improving the quality of people’s lives.”

A collaborative spirit
If the team experience being “near to religion” is key to what went right when Lukies built Monitise, what about the things that went wrong? “We definitely came to the public market too early,” concludes Lukies. Monitise only had a handful of customers at the time of the 2007 float, but the group opted to go it alone because it had starting to outgrow parent Morse. “But that said, if we hadn’t been a public company we would never have been able to raise the capital we did by bringing in Visa, Standard Chartered and other strategic investors, because they wanted liquidity.”

As the majority of Britons who access their bank details via smartphone will now be doing so via a Monitise-powered app, Lukies’ approach of collaboration with the established financial groups, not disruption, seems to be working. “All this talk about ‘disruptive’ really annoys me. Everyone talks about the disruptive plays, but who’s going to come in and kill Visa? Who’s going to come in and kill all the banks? … I think business models of the future are going to be much more about cooperation. You might compete, but you also collaborate. One new idea isn’t going to change the industry.”

Asked whether financial institutions are a conservative bunch when it comes to collaborating on innovative technology, Lukies is quick to emphasise how a bank’s absolute main priority is to keep our money safe: “As a customer, I want the bank to be conservative. … Do I also want the bank to provide me with innovating services across the channel? Yes, I absolutely want that as well. So hopefully Monitise is doing a good job helping to bridge that gap. The back end of our technology has been built for the banks to like and trust it, and it works with their systems. At the same time, the front end is quite innovative and dynamic. It’s really easy to say the banks are moving too slowly, because I think when it comes to money we want to strike a balance. Banks run on a heartbeat, their technology is always running, we never drop a transaction.” Banks are however increasingly open to partnering, adds Lukies, as it provides an opportunity for them to stick to their core competency of looking after money, and letting others deal with the tech.

An ongoing harvest
Monitise’s 20 million customers is still small potato compared to a banking population of approximately 1.2 billion. This means that it’s early days for the potential of Lukies’ company, but much of the groundwork is arguably in place: “Take one of our biggest customers in the UK, NatWest. We know that about 20% of their customers use mobile banking today. That’s good penetration, but we also know it’s going to naturally grow, just like internet banking did. We also know what other products and services they are going to add to the app over the next few months or years. We always have a much better insight than others on what’s coming down the pipeline. That’s down to collaboration.”

As Monitise mulls over a full market listing this year, Lukies is confident his company has arrived at the party at just the right time: “Now our job is to keep doing the same things again and again, and to keep enabling new services. New interconnection points with the banks, and making sure the strategy becomes simpler. We don’t have to reinvent the wheel, just keep doing what we do.”

Lukies maintains ties to organisations such as the World Economic Forum, and sits on the boards of global growth companies as well as charities. Paired with lots of travel such as recent trips to Indonesia, India and Nigeria, where banking looks very different from how it does in the UK, there should be no shortage of inspiration reaching the corner office of Monitise. When asked whether he will still be sitting in the top seat in a decade or two, Lukies tells the story of how he was recently reminded that were he in Silicon Valley he’d probably be a billionaire by now. But it’s not just about the money: “One great thing about being a CEO of a public company is that it takes away a lot of pressure. … If someone comes along and says, Al, your company is brilliant we would love to buy you for x pennies a share – it’s not my decision. Of course I have a point of view, but my job is to do what the board and the shareholders want. That’s actually like being the captain of a rugby team: when you are on the pitch, the time for thinking about strategy, the scoreboard and all the rest of it, it’s gone. It’s time to play the game. … Things change, the landscape changes, businesses and the rest of it, it changes. Our job is to keep the boulders rolling.”

The other mayor

Published in Square Mile Magazine, April 2013. Original article here (p79-81).

Interview: Lord Mayor of the City of London, Roger Gifford
If the Lord Mayor is the spirit of the City, as Roger Gifford suggests, it is tempting to wonder how his particular brand of banking could stir things up in the City. As the first banker elected Lord Mayor of the City of London since the financial crisis, Roger Gifford lends credence to his motto of ‘City in Society’ by having kept loyal to the same bank for over three decades, without ever needing bonuses to keep him interested:

“Financial services is a means to an end, not an end in itself. They are means to serving society,” says Gifford, now on leave from his position as UK head for Sweden’s SEB. “You could say this is a reaction to five years of difficult times in the City, but for me it is much more a belief. You could say it is a little bit Swedish, actually.”

There is nothing Scandinavian about our surroundings though, as we meet in the Lord Mayor’s office in the Mansion House. The building was indeed designed “to amaze and impress”, confirms Gifford, who can call the grandiose building his home during his year in this unpaid position. An intense schedule of meetings, dinners, travel, receptions and up to four speeches every day means there is much demand for Gifford’s time: “You have to like the sound of your own voice to do this job, to be perfectly honest,” he laughs. We are careful not to spill our teas on the brocade, as Gifford, classically dressed in a deep blue suit and subtle-patterned tie, admits he sometimes nips off to his North London family home so he can put his feet up without fear of ruining a piece of national heritage. “But it is so exciting to be part of such a long tradition. And yet, to be doing it in a very modern world. It is that combination,” says Gifford.

While the Lord Mayor’s mandate is industry-wide, his banking background means Gifford naturally drifts more towards the City’s financial issues. While debates on regulation, as was the topic of Gifford’s breakfast meeting, is high on the agenda, this is however only part of the Lord Mayor’s concern. “The public has, and I think rightly, been confused and disappointed by what they have heard about the banking industry,” says Gifford, pointing specifically to the bank bail-outs, “But we have not been good enough at explaining what banking is all about. For instance, there are 250 foreign banks employing 150,000 people in the UK. That is a massive bit of business has no burden on the UK tax payer at all.”

While issues such as the Libor scandal has done little to reassure the public the problems are in the past, new regulation has already changed UK banking, says Gifford. But did the industry want change?

“Yes, I think they did.” Gifford pauses a moment. “As a banker, I have been really upset about some aspects of the industry. [...] There are aspects around remuneration which I have not liked as an employer, and I am delighted they are changing.” But, notes Gifford, there is a tendency to blame procedures following a crisis, while a big part of the issue has been caused by socio-political trends of consumer over-borrowing: “You cannot really legislate for that, but people are changing regulations because of it. We have said in the City all along: we want the right regulation, not more regulation.”

Having been responsible for SEB’s UK operations for 12 years, the Scandinavian point of view has affected Gifford’s outlook on the current situation. The Swedish banking sector underwent a crisis during its deregulation 20 years ago, which means SEB now has a “more cautious, more conservative” attitude than many UK and European banks: “We have, like the Norwegian and Canadian and Australian banks, a very conservative policy on credit. We are very careful where, how much and how long we lend for. We are very careful about the derivative structured products, and we do very little of it. I have been very affected by working for a Swedish bank for 30 years.”

Gifford has previously stated how the Occupy movement sparked important discussions about what we want capitalism to be. He calls for an increased social awareness in capitalism: “We all prosper more if all parts of society are looked after. You can talk about benefit fraud, excessive social policy or taking away the will to work, but there have to be balances,” says Gifford, who credits Occupy with having made people stop and think. When asked whether this feels like a radical attitude, Gifford counters that it in fact feels very normal. But, I point out, we are sitting in this lavish building, after he as the Lord Mayor was sworn in during a silent ceremony with elaborate costumes and processions. Does the pomp and circumstance add something, or is it a distraction?

“The ceremony side of things is great fun. It is no more than 2% of the total amount of time,” asserts Gifford. “And it adds because it reminds people of the history and tradition that has developed over 800 years. There are reasons why we live the way we do, why we have the kind of government, the kind of Monarchy and the City institutions that we do. We have them because of history and they remind us of our principles, of behaviour, of activity, the direction we are going in, and they remind us that we should live for the long-term.”

There is no doubt Gifford feels is a great honour to be Lord Mayor, but, I press, does the role actually come with power? Gifford thinks for a moment. “I do not feel I have much power, but I maybe have a little bit of influence.” He pauses again. “The Lord Mayor is a representative of the City. He is the spokesman. The position is revered a bit, and that gives you responsibility to think, to behave, to discuss in a certain way. I do not think it is against the sort of person I am, but you feel the responsibility to try to influence in the right way.”

The charities, trusts and clubs where Gifford holds mandates of influence, many of which come with the job, also cross over into his personal interests: “I am really interested in what the City does on the music side. Certainly, I get very involved with the English Chamber Orchestra, the Tenebrae Choir and St Paul’s Cathedral Foundation. [...] I am very interested in the power of music to change and affect people,” asserts Gifford, not to mention how these classical organisations nurture a need for tradition: “People want to belong.”

The Lord Mayor certainly knows where he belongs, having said at the beginning of our meeting he would go back to SEB after this year: “I have been 30 years with dear old SEB. I will go back to them.” But after the Mansion House experience, will his role there be enough? “I only said I would go back to SEB. I would quite like to do something a little bit else!” Gifford says, with a glint in his eye.

Katzenjammer: The British invasion

Published in N by Norwegian in-flight magazine, January 2013. Original article here.

Katzenjammer: The British invasion
“We love coming to London!” Katzenjammer are all grins and cheer as we meet backstage at the Islington Academy, just an hour before they are due to play the sold-out venue upstairs. There’s little about the cramped, stark dressing room to suggest what a roaring, raunchy show that Anne Marit Bergheim, Marianne Sveen, Solveig Heilo and Turid Jørgensen will deliver in just a moment. The Norwegian band has a Bavarian beerhouse folksy pop sound, with a hint of circus, delivered on a myriad of instruments. And Katzenjammer’s definition-defying brand of quirk is like catnip to the Brits.

“We arrived in London this morning … no, yesterday!” Turid laughs; the group has spent a lot of time in their tour bus lately. Dressed in a white trilby and shiny black leggings, Turid is the tall blonde often found playing various guitars, but the four women continuously swap the dozen-or-so instruments around on stage, and they all take turns as lead singer. Solveig, the guitarist, drummer and sometime trumpeteer, looks a sharp contradiction tonight in her messed-up ice-blonde hair and classic tweed dress: “We feel so welcome in Britain! We’ve got something of a cult following over here, people show up and we sell out venues. Britain is happening for us now – we’re just getting started.”

With Birmingham last night and Oxford tomorrow, Katzenjammer has had a busy tour across the UK, the second this year. But what’s the draw of Britain? “It’s always been sitting there as a tough place to break, but there seems to be an appetite for our music here,” says Anne Marit, the banjo and accordion player. Solveig interjects: “The UK audience seems to really come along with us when we play, no matter which city we are in. Brits are hard to impress because they have seen it all, so they respond in a really honest way.” Marianne, whose powerful voice is complemented by armfuls of tattoos, is a fan of touring in the UK because its diversity complements Katzenjammer’s own: “We really don’t pay attention to what music or style is popular. We just play what we love.”

Katzenjammer will continue to push on with its British invasion, because as Anne Marit says, eyes poking out under a heavy fringe: “The world is a tempting place”. There’s little cheek to be found in the the four friendly and thoughtful women while in the dressing room, but this will change; some sort of transformation is clearly about to happen. Soon Anne Marit will charm the audience with her attempt at Cockney slang, and Solveig will flash her backside to the audience “because now you’ve seen it it’s not interesting anymore”. The same can’t be said for Katzenjammer.

A certain process

Published in Lionheart Magazine, issue 2, summer 2012. Original article here.

A certain process
Beauty isn’t really a part of the equation for product designer Bernadette Deddens, but somehow it happens anyway.

“I don’t care about pretty things,” says Bernadette Deddens, as I’ve just asked her about the clean look of her work. Her considered and specific processes create something elegant and beautiful, but what it is not, and do take this in the best way possible, is pretty.

The product designer is fresh-faced and cheerful in spite of the freeze gripping London the day we meet. Fellow café patrons are huddled over hot tea, but Bernadette seems unfazed by the sub-zero temperature; her means of transport is a bicycle, imported from her native Holland.

“The beauty lies in the practicality, in the usability,” she explains, taking off her self-made leather bangle. “People say they like this, so it must be pretty. But for me, it’s a 1.2 metre long piece of leather. I considered the thickness of the leather, how to roll it up … that’s where the beauty is for me. It’s almost mathematical. It’s a simple object.”

I’d hoped to meet Bernadette in her studio, which I’ve been told is cold and cramped and speaks volumes of how one suffers for art, but alas. Bernadette, who makes up half of Study O Portable alongside husband Tetsuo Mukai, is in the process of moving to a bigger space: “At the moment we have small versions of the tools we need. A small belt sander, small drills, a puzzle saw instead of a big saw.” This is dirty work; the result may be elegant, but the process is anything but.

Of course, Bernadette realises customers may be less concerned with the method. This will sometimes result in requests for matching pieces, such as earrings, but this is problematic: “This process doesn’t apply to earrings,” asserts Bernadette, explaining that the hollowness of the bangle can’t be replicated for earrings: “The process was developed for bangles, and I like to be specific.” She runs her fingers around the inside of the bracelet, her voice soft again now, self-conscious after having spoken so adamantly. But she is certain in her intentions, meaning the product catalogue will never feature earrings alongside the bangles. But would she do it on commission? She shrugs a yes, probably. This is where artistic ideas meet the reality of rent.

On that note, Bernadette works part time in a gallery and as a university art tutor. “Tetsuo and I have always had other jobs to fund our work. The other jobs pay for the job I love. I never envisioned it any differently, but it’s starting to pay off now, seven years later.” While she loves teaching, Bernadette is quick to point out that not everyone is suited to become artists: “You have to have a vision of what you want to do.” I ask her if she has a vision, and she makes a face. And then: “Yes, I am capable!” She bursts out laughing, shy again for speaking boldly, but I think she knows this is the truth. Bernadette’s teachers tried to talk her out of going to art school, and she is not entirely against this advice: “You have to be extremely driven. You have to subject yourself to vigorous experiments.”

Bernadette and Tetsuo’s dedication to experimentation runs through everything they create. Take the newest works, a series of quartz crystal mirrors. Crystals are integral to transferring energy in technological devices, and the mirrors are a play on the idea that we see ourselves through the objects we create. “We didn’t know anything about crystal when we started. But if you want to know, you find out.”

Peering over the photos of the mirrors, I cannot but point out how neat they would be as pendant. Bernadette’s eyes widen: “The mirrors won’t be pendants!” Their function would be compromised if they were that small, she explains, laughing. What if someone commissions one, I ask, and she nods, well yes, probably: “Is that a cop out?”

I think that’s a reality of London rents, I say as we gather our coats to brave the cold again. Has she considered moving Study O Portable to a less expensive city? “No, I think we need London. It has amazing free lectures, for one, all the galleries, the opportunities to meet people. Elsewhere would be cheaper, but we’d miss out on all this. I think we need this flux.”

For a designer whose work is all about experiments, transferrable ideas and methods, it makes sense to want to be in the middle of the noise and grime of a place like London. For an artist who sees beauty through process and practicality, it must be paradise.

Fire in the heart

Published in Oh Comely magazine, 2012. Original article here.

Fire in the heart
‘Junkhearts’ director Tinge Krishnan talks about writing stories in the playground, leaving medicine, and moving through darkness into light.

She is a believer in transformation and redemption, Tinge Krishnan. It is there in her own story, from her start as a medical doctor to becoming a film director, and it is the central theme in Junkhearts, her first feature film. The brief connection between Lynette, the young homeless girl, and Frank, the wrung-out soldier, triggers significant changes, but still the overarching feeling in Junkhearts is one of bleakness. At least that is what I say to Krishnan as we wait for our tea to arrive.

“It wasn’t intended to be bleak, does it feel bleak?” says Krishnan. This is awkward. The director has just told me how she’s always worried about letting the film down by saying silly things in interviews. And here I am, having possibly misread its intentions completely. But Krishnan seems genuinely interested in my interpretation of the film, asking several questions about which specific scenes I’m referring to. When Frank and Lynette meet they give something to each other, but then it all threatens to fall apart, I say to her. The film almost shows you that you shouldn’t trust people. Krishnan thinks about it for a moment.

“That does exist in Frank. His worldview is that people are not to be trusted, so he’s almost waiting for it to happen. All the little decisions he makes contribute to it. That is a pattern Frank has to shift, and in the end it’s proved, it was right to trust,” says Krishnan. “Frank couldn’t have continued to live the way he lived when he met Lynette. He had to go through a lot of pain, but there was a lot that shifted in that pain and it opened him up.”

Frank suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from being a soldier in Northern Ireland, and this was a key point of connection for Krishnan. Krishnan was in Thailand during the 2004 tsunami, and being a doctor she helped in the aftermath of the crisis. This led to her developing PTSD.

“It was a very powerful experience,” says Krishnan, who received counselling after returning to the UK. “I wanted to make a piece that’s about that healing process. As a filmmaker I could find a way to creatively express those experiences in a way that could touch an audience and help them understand. I think it’s hard to understand PTSD when you haven’t experienced it yourself.”

Before becoming a filmmaker, Krishnan worked as an A&E doctor – not exactly a typical route for budding creative types. Krishnan can trace the idea of a ‘detour’ back to school: “All the way through school I’d write plays and stories, reading them out in the playground. I assumed I was going to become a writer, but my English teacher said I should go do and do something different first.”

While the path to filmmaking wasn’t a conscious choice, Krishnan has no regrets about hanging up her white coat: “That’s fine, because I learned so much from it, it’s amazing.” She pauses. “Aspects of being a doctor that I miss are relating that intimately with people, and finding solutions. That was always very interesting.”

It must have been great to have a job where you got to help people, I suggest, but Krishnan shakes her head: “Medicine isn’t all running around saving lives, sometimes it feels like its mainly banging your head against a bureaucratic wall!” She laughs. “I’m not sure to what degree doctors actually feel they’re making a difference.“

And as a filmmaker, does she feel like she’s making a difference now? Krishnan thinks about it for a moment: “I would hope so. It is my intention. Maybe not? I don’t know. All I can do is try.”

Krishnan spent a lot of time researching the themes of the film, talking to servicemen suffering from PTSD and alcohol problems, and spending time in drug rehab centres talking to former crack users. But when asked about which elements drew her to Junkhearts, the first thing she brings up is the father-daughter relationships; an intertwined storyline is that of Christine, the daughter Frank abandoned. “At the core it really is a relationship film. It’s about that funny relationship between daughters and fathers, or father figures. The interface between feminine and masculine energy can be quite tempestuous.”

The power of the feminine is emerging as a theme for Krishnan’s work, alongside redemption, tenderness and transformation of darkness into light. While also looking after her new baby, the director is currently busy working on her new script, for a thriller centred on a female anti-hero.

Krishnan still has dreams where she’s a doctor, but her heart belongs to film now. “It’s about that moment when we’re on set, and the actors are releasing powerful, in-the-moment performances. I can see it in the monitor and I can hear it in the headset and I can feel that electricity that means we’re getting something powerful. That’s the best feeling.” Krishnan pauses, she seems to have drifted off somewhere. “When making a film there will be a moment when there’s a commitment, you feel it coming from the crew and the cast when everyone knows they are working on something exciting. You really feel the moment when people start to walk through the fire.”

Cool kid Chloë

Published in Lionheart Magazine, issue 2, summer 2012. Original article here.

Cool kid Chloë
Swagger, talent and a thirst for exploration through acting is why Chloë Moretz is a star in the making. Jessica Furseth talks to the Hollywood actress about ambition, confidence and listening to your mother.

She has a lot of sass for a 14-year-old, that Chloë Moretz. She rocks up with buckets of smiles, a cocky-cute “how you doing” and she’s just so cool – there’s no other word for it. I meet the teenage actress in London during the promotions for Martin Scorsese’s film ‘Hugo’, where Chloë plays sheltered Paris girl Isabelle as she embarks on a much-longed-for adventure. But the Chloë sitting in front of me in the flash hotel suite looks much more grown up than the beret-wearing child on screen. An elegant hair bun is paired with dark-checked trousers and a grey blouse, with her silver nail polish perfectly offset against chunky heels in the same colour. She speaks with a broad American twang; earlier that day Martin Scorsese praised her for being a joy to direct, with an English accent so spot on he thought she was a native. The verdict is in: not just a pretty face, but good at her job too.

“It’s such an honour to have worked with Marty, he’s a living legend,” says Chloë, kicking back in her chair. She’s conscious of not seeming ungrateful for the chance to work with Scorsese, but then again, why wouldn’t she be chosen? After all, she’s good. “In acting there are so many people telling you ‘no’, but I look at them and think, well you say ‘no’ now, but next year I promise you are going to want me for your movie. And almost every time I’ve done that it’s come true: they have come back wanted me!”

Chloë laughs easily, drawing you in with the occasional geeky grimace. Listening to her describe Scorsese makes it clear she sees him more like an uncle than a hero: “He’s an amazing guy, he’s so funny! He makes everyone feel comfortable, everyone’s on the same playing field. I think that’s why he gets such a good vibe in his movies.” The role of Isabelle is probably the closest Chloë has come to playing a girl like herself, after previous experiences of playing a vampire in ‘Let Me In’ and a potty-mouthed superhero in ‘Kickass’. Tim Burton’s ‘Dark Shadows’ is due shortly, where Chloë plays a girl with a “dark secret”: “I look for something where I really connect with the character. If I can’t put down the script, if all I can think about for the next few days is how I want to play that character, that’s the kind of movie I’ll do.”

Chloë lives with her mother and four older brothers, and it’s clear that little sister’s career is a family project: “My brother Trevor and my mother read all the scripts that come in, and if they like them they send them to me. The we make a group decision on what’s not only the best decision for my career, but also for me as an actress.”

It’s easy to forget the young woman sitting in front of me is only 14 years old. Not that she tries to appear older, in fact she seems very aware of her youth. “I’ve seen [Scorsese’s] ‘Raging Bull’ and ‘Gangs of New York’ but my mum still keeps me from seeing ‘Taxi Driver’. Even though the others are also 18-rated, that’s over my head in a different way. It deals with things I can’t exactly grasp at 14. Which I don’t like to admit but I have to.”

Chloë has worked as an actress for half her life now, starting out by reciting monologues in the playground. “My mom would get calls from school asking, why is your daughter talking about killing someone?” She laughs. “That’s how I got into acting, and I begged my mom to let me do it. Of course I didn’t know what acting really was, just that it was fun.”

And it’s still fun: “I think the day it starts to feel like work is the day I will stop, but I’m nowhere near that. I still have an amazing time acting, when it’s huge and fantastical and I get to see through the eyes of the character. […] I love roles where I’m not like myself, because I’m Chloë every day. I’m happy with my life, so I like playing characters that aren’t so happy.” She pauses. “Those are the roles I can really space out in, you know, where I can really get into those dark crevices of the psyche. I love those weird and dark places you have to go to for those characters.”

Chloë is quick to concede she’s not exactly a regular 14-year-old, but her responses usually draw examples from her family, not from working with famous directors or going to Hollywood parties. Like when I ask if she feels older than she is: “My mom is the kind of mom where if you want a bowl of cereal, she’ll tell you to go get it yourself. She didn’t baby us to the point where we didn’t know what to do by the time we were 14. My family is … it’s sort of a sophisticated atmosphere, maybe. And also pretty crazy. But my mom’s always raised me to be a smart kid.”

It’s a bold statement, but Chloë definitely is a smart kid: “I think there’s a difference in acting older and feeling older, knowing older. When I was 13 I thought I was older, but now I’m 14 I realise I was a baby then. So when I’m 16 I’ll think I‘m a baby now.” She laughs. “And when I’m my mom’s age I’ll really think I was a baby!”

But make no mistake: Chloë has buckets of confidence. “Yes I do. But in any profession you have to be confident. I’m very competitive. I’ve always wanted to be the best.“ She shrugs, cocking her head to the side. “One of the first films I saw was ‘Breakfast at Tiffany’s’ and I fell in love with Audrey Hepburn. She makes you smile, you know? And that was one of the reasons I wanted to act, the way she makes you smile and transports you to that place, that’s what I want to do for people. I want to transport people to another place.”

And then our time is up, as the PR sweeps in and hustles Chloë out of her seat. She flashes a grin and thanks me for the chat before she’s off to charm someone else. In this she will succeed, I have no doubt.

The mythology of Sir Ben Kingsley

Published in Idol Magazine, March 2012. Original article here.

The mythology of Sir Ben Kingsley
Sir Ben Kingsley discovered a rich mythology in ‘Hugo’, Martin Scorsese’s playful 3D adventure. The veteran actor took us to the heart of the story, while Martin Scorsese dazzled us with us his passion for 3D as the next step in cinema history.

While ‘Hugo’ tells the dreamt-up story of a boy living in the clock tower of a Paris train station, the role played by Sir Ben Kingsley is plucked from reality. It is the life story of Georges Méliès which fascinates Kingsley, far more than the excitement over the film’s 3D format. As one of the world’s first filmmakers, Méliès made over 500 films, before a lack of money forced him into a life as a cranky toymaker at Gare Montparnasse.

“For an actor, to explore the light of Méliès in his glass studio, and then to experience the dark of the toyshop, the exile … to be Méliès at his most empowered, in order to appreciate that terrible loss when he can no longer function as a creative artist,” says Kingsley, as he fixes his eyes on you and pulls you into his narrative. “It was terrific to occupy the full sweep, the arc of the character. This was one of the greatest arcs I’ve ever been privileged to scale. Beautiful, perfect! The balance of it is perfect.”

Kingsley paints pictures with his words. The veteran actor is calm and focused as we meet in grand settings at London’s Dorchester Hotel. Dressed in a dark blazer and neat jeans, Kingsley speaks with consideration, whispering a bit here and there for emphasis. Sir Ben, as he is called by everyone around him, is 67 years old, but there is nothing to suggest the ‘Gandhi’-star is looking for any less demanding roles now that he is eligible for his free bus pass. For what would be the fun in that?

“I fear there is a desperate immaturity in me that means I will be stuck being a child for a long, long time,” laughs Kingsley.

Childish inspiration
Kingsley shares the spotlight in ‘Hugo’ with 14-year-olds Asa Butterfield and Chloë Moretz, playing the parts of Hugo and his friend Isabelle. While the film, based on Brian Selznick’s book ’The Invention of Hugo Cabret’, is suitable for children, it contains a wealth of detail which means it appeals also to a mature audience.

“There are many subtle metaphors in the film, like the heart with a key to unlock it,” says Kingsley; Hugo is trying to repair an automaton given to him by his father, but he is missing a heart-shaped key. “Méliès’ heart is closed, and the key to unlock is the most innocent of children. Also, Hugo has to recreate himself because of the loss of his parents. He is very brave living in the train station, winding the clocks, being the time keeper of the world.”

Kingsley is full of admiration for his young colleagues, to the extent that he claims they pushed him to do better job himself. “Asa and Chloë both bring to their work a purity. Their acting is unimpeded, it is uninterrupted by theory, it comes from the heart,” says Kingsley. “This then demands in me the same level of purity. It raises my game, which is for me very exciting.”

Classical myths

Children’s ability to inspire is a topic that Kingsley returns to several times during our meeting, both in terms of how it affects him as an actor, but also how it is the kids in ‘Hugo’ who inspire a change in filmmaker Méliès after he has given up.

“It is one of the ancient classic myths: the exiled man is drawn back into life by the hand of a child. I always look for the six-seven classical stories in the scripts that I am offered. If there’s a central myth that acts as a map to unlock a script and fill it with genuine life and feeling, that’s the script I will choose. I recognised that early on in Marty’s script: there it is, there’s the exiled man and the child! It’s perfect, perfect.”

His background from the Royal Shakespeare Company means Kingsley is more familiar with the classical myths than most. This influence remains clear even now: Kingsley’s words are akin to performance, uttered with a perfect grammatical structure usually found only on stage.

3D controversy
‘Hugo’ is the first 3D experience for both Kingsley and Martin Scorsese, and the format remains controversial. But the man who gave cinematic classics such as us ‘Taxi Driver’ and ‘Goodfellas’ has buckets of enthusiasm for the new frontier:

“I’ve always wanted to do something in 3D. Over the years I’ve been obsessed with it: the blue and red glasses, black and white 3D, I’m a fanatical about it all but I never thought we would be able to do it,” says Scorsese.

The technology has now caught up with the director’s inspiration, but the 3D experience in ‘Hugo’ is less gimmicky than we are used to. Still, the Hollywood legend does not necessarily agree that 3D has to add something to the story. “Everybody says 3D has to enhance the story, but you have to think of what that really means. Does colour enhance every damn film that’s ever made? No!” Scorsese becomes animated. “Does colour enhance the room right now? It is in colour! Guess what, it’s in 3D too!”

Constant reinvention
Listening to Scorsese is fascinating: he charges forward, he stops mid-sentence and jumps back and forth as he makes his point. But all the actors in ‘Hugo’ say the same thing: Scorsese is highly observant, and he makes everyone around him feel at ease.

“He doesn’t miss a thing, I’m not exaggerating,” says Kingsley. “Whenever you’re with Marty, in his lovely big glasses, you see that he’s always taking in everything: the world, the person with whom he’s speaking. And it’s that extraordinary appetite for life that allows him to entirely reinvent himself, and to be completely with the person in front of the camera.”

While Kingsley was not a fan of 3D before making ‘Hugo’, it seems the experience may have changed the Shakespearean’s view of the format. “You are asking me about 3D in the wake of a beautiful experience,” says Kingsley. “My first time with 3D was this little View-Master where you turned a disc to see things in 3D. As a child I loved it, I was inside another world. Until I saw Marty’s film I had never had a 3D experience with the same effect. Marty allows you to see things through your child’s eyes, and that’s an amazing achievement,” says Kingsley. “It’s a miracle, really.”

The eye of the storm: Maggie’s newest cancer centre opens in Wales

Published in Building Better Healthcare, October 2011. Original article here.

The eye of the storm: Maggie’s newest cancer centre opens in Wales
Cancer care charity Maggie’s will open its 10th centre in Swansea this December, presenting a dynamic yet elegant addition to its design portfolio. Architect Kisho Kurokawa has used Wales’ nature to create a meditative space, brought to fruition by Garbers & James following Kurokawa’s death. Executive architect Wendy James talks to Jessica Furseth.

The building almost looks like it is twirling its skirts, the way the structure swings out from the middle in lively curves. A still core sits at the centre, ensuring an overarching feeling of balance for the newest Maggie’s cancer caring facility.

“The building extends an open invitation for people to come and re-balance themselves,” says Wendy James, partner at architects Garbers & James. “People going through cancer, and their families, are often stuck in a maelstrom of information, emotions and issues. So with this building, slightly set aside from the rest of the hospital, it’s important to provide this calm centre. The central egg-shaped drum is a welcoming area, representing a calm centre in the dynamic form.”

The South West Wales facility is the tenth Maggie’s centre to open in the UK. The charity aims to provide a place of comfort for anyone living with cancer, having treated almost 78,000 people last year. This is the legacy of the late Maggie Keswick Jencks, whose experience of going through cancer inspired a vision of welcoming buildings where people could feel at home during their recovery. The design of the Swansea centre is the work of Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa, of Kisho Kurokawa Associates, but following his death it fell to Garbers & James to complete the work.

“My partner Thore Garbers met with the client and Kurokawa before his death, and as he lived so far away he’d invited us to participate in the design as executive architects,” says James. “Kurokawa died early in the process, which came as a shock. We went to Japan where we visited some of his buildings and his office with family and colleagues, and we took note of details he had used. We had inherited a fully descriptive outline sketch scheme, [but] the geometry hadn’t been defined. It was thrilling to ‘find’ and establish this dynamic form.”

Kisho Kurokawa, who was a friend of Maggie Keswick Jencks’, wanted the building to incorporate both Eastern and Western elements. He said: “The new Maggie’s centre will come out of the earth and swing around with two arms like a rotating galaxy. One side will welcome the visitor and lead to the other side, which embraces nature, the trees, rocks and water.”

The architects at Garbers & James wanted to remain true to Kurokawa’s vision, but also needed to consider how to translate this into a practical building. James explains: “We worked alongside the engineers and the contractor, Sir Robert McAlpine, to find people capable of doing this challenging work. The building is almost hand-crafted yet simultaneously relying on latest technologies. Sometimes it has appeared almost medieval during the process, particularly in the construction of the cut carpentry roof. It has taken state of the art technologies to produce the concrete steel and titanium elements, yet the workers on site have included carpenters and masons, pulling together contemporary design through entirely traditional crafts.”

As the building is nearing completion, the delicate touch of this home-away-from-home is coming into its own. The architects are hoping the design will help inspire people living with cancer to see that there are still aspects of vitality in their lives, having used light to create a dynamic feel. Instead of adding large panes of glass, an array of small windows has been used to frame deliberate views in a variety of directions; “The building becomes a sort of complex lens, filtering the light. It’s like a sundial: the light flows through it at all times of the day, particularly through an oculus above the central drum.“

The centre is part of the Singleton Hospital campus in Swansea, but the building has deliberately been placed as a separate unit. Sitting on top of a wooded slope, the view to the north is of mature estate land, while to the south is Swansea Bay. The gardens, designed by Kim Wilkie, also reflect the centre’s theme of activity versus calm: “The entrance side has an active garden with vegetables and herbs, which people can help tend if they so wish. On the other side of the building there is a contemplative long grass meadow, which feels a bit like water,” says James. “Kurokawa thought of how the building would sit in the landscape, pulling together elements from the woods, and from a sense of the water, speaking of its meditative qualities.”

Most of the funding for the Maggie’s centres comes from charity, however the Welsh Assembly also contributed to the Swansea centre. 900,000 people live within the area covered by the South West Wales Cancer Network, and any cancer sufferer can visit the Maggie’s without charge or appointment. The Swansea centre will also be the first to work with the local Medical Genetics service, reaching out to people whose family history puts them at risk of cancer.

While the design of every Maggie’s centre is different, what they have in common is an unwavering focus on maintaining quality of life through a traumatic experience. “What is very important about a Maggie’s centre is that you should feel invited, and able to come inside and make a cup of tea or sit by the fire,” says James. “The message is that people using the centre thoroughly deserve to be given this space.”

Three new centres
The Wales site will be the third Maggie’s centre to open this autumn. November will see the opening of a centre at Nottingham City Hospital, while October saw the unveiling of a second centre in Glasgow, at Gartnavel Hospital.

Maggie’s Nottingham is designed by Piers Gough, founding partner at CZWG Architects and a personal friend of Maggie Keswick Jencks’s. “The idea was to make a refuge, something slightly hidden away, nestling into the trees and away from the hospital. The building is almost perverse in its symmetry,” said Gough, who has created an elevated oval building. “It seemed intriguing to do a building that wasn’t free-form; the landscape around it is quite loose and free so the building could become symmetrical. The conceit is that the elevations are all ovals and they interlock like a Canadian log house.”

The Nottingham centre will serve the Mid Trent Cancer Network, which covers an area of 1.3 million people. Visitors will arrive at the centre via a bridge across the tree-covered sloped ground, and the building remains joined with the garden via balconies extending from most of the rooms. Designer Paul Smith has also been part of the project; he has created the centre’s interior using photos taking during his travels around the world.

The centre at Glasgow’s Gartnavel Hospital is the work of Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas, partner at OMA, who worked alongside Ellen van Loon. “I enjoyed designing such an exceptional environment with this very dedicated and inspired team of designers and contractors. The sequence of spaces is an interplay of openness, retreat and support to underpin the Maggie’s programme,” said van Loon.

The Gartnavel centre, sitting on a hill overlooking the city, is next to Scotland’s leading oncology faculty which serves 2.8 million people. The single-level building is comprised of a series of interlocking rooms, creating a circle around a courtyard. The building, haphazard-looking at first, is designed to maximise flow and to avoid corridors.

The gardens were designed by Lily Jencks, Maggie Keswick Jencks’s daughter: “Designing the centre has provided a strong connection to my mother and my hope is to have created a unique and joyful design in her memory. […] The garden actively embeds the building into the ground, cushioning and embracing the centre in a hill, showing the necessity of a supportive environment that is so central to Maggie’s philosophy.”

Interview with Keith Harrison

Published in This Is Tomorrow, July 2011. Original article here.

Interview with Keith Harrison
Jerwood Makers Open, London

It doesn’t really look like much at first, Keith Harrison’s contribution to the Jerwood Makers Open. At first glance, ‘Float’ is a stack of wooden boxes, still strapped to the transportation pallets as they greedily take up most of the main gallery. But while deliberate, this first impression is a lie. Take a closer look and so much more is revealed, and it is wonderful.

“I would hope the work evokes a sense of monumentality,” says Harrison. “I am interested in the line between creation and destruction, functionality and obsolescence.”

There were many wide eyes in the audience during Harrison’s performance on the opening night of the Jerwood Makers Open, which presented the four recipients of the Jerwood Visual Arts grant for applied arts. Flashing a modest smile towards the crowd, a tracksuit-clad Harrison climbed on top of the float, where he perched down and turned up the volume. The boxes making up ‘Float’ are in fact speakers, delivering sound from the audio equipment sitting on top. A fragile sound squeezes its way through the electronics, struggling with the clay which has been poured inside. The clay changes the sound, and in return, the reverberations of the music causes it to break down. Soon it will all be destroyed, but until that happens, the work is a determined flag whacked into the ground in celebration of hope over logic.

A significant inspiration for ‘Float’ is Werner Herzog’s 1982 film ‘Fitzcarraldo’. In particular, Harrison was moved by the scene where the title character travels up a Peruvian jungle river in a steam boat, playing Caruso through a gramophone to communicate with the locals. But Fitzcarraldo first had to haul the steamer over a mountain, a mad feat driven by obsession.

“The film was the starting point from which I made a number of drawings, trying to find an equivalent to the scene in the film. The speakers themselves start to make up the form of the vessel on which the decks would sit,” says Harrison. “The aesthetics of the work are in many respects also derived from the function of the clay and electronics,” he adds, explaining how the raw clay functions as an insulator, internalising the sound and creating vibrations due to the tension of the suppressed energy. The clay will break down gradually, releasing the sound more fully with each play.

“The title ‘Float’ has associations with the ship in the film, but is also a reference to carnival and sound systems in dancehalls and racked up on lorries,” says Harrison. “Although the film Fitzcarraldo, and the experience of Jah Shaka’s soundsystem [at St George’s Hall in Exeter, 1994], were central to the development of the work, I hope it stands rather more enigmatically between the two as a work in its own right – as an oversized monument with a capacity to do damage to itself and the surroundings.”

This potential for damage stems partly from the size of the piece and the sheer number of speakers, as it is positioned threateningly close to the glass wall in the gallery. But there is also an element of destruction in the fact that the audio equipment has been deliberately compromised by the clay, and it is a wonder it works at all. “[The clay] renders the work poised between the damage it could cause [due to] the clay’s potential as a projectile as part of a sound blast, and the nullifying role the clay plays as an absorber of energy.”

‘Float’ is part of a series of experiments in clay, a theme Harrison says he is not quite finished with: “All previous works have been a series of live experiments combining the constants of clay and electricity with a third factor employed in attempt to disrupt this relationship.” With ‘Float’, sound is the disruptor, but Harrison says he may use something else next time: “There are a number of projects involving underfloor heating and telephone switchboards that I would like to realise in the future.”

So what will happen to the work once nature has taken its course? Harrison hopes ‘Float’ will last until the end of the exhibition, but this depends on how loudly the music is played. “Ultimately I would like to put the work into a carnival, like Notting Hill or Bridgewater, travelling on the back of a flatbed lorry and play it to destruction,” says Harrison. “In the end all [my] works are optimistic acts in which potential for failure is actively embraced in pursuit of a notion. An audience is required to bear witness to this act.”

However much optimism Harrison or his audience can manage to muster up, the destruction of ‘Float’ is certain. But still, as the work slowly breaks down, there is something deliciously defiant about the attempt to deny the inevitable. With each play a new sound is created, and this causes further destruction. Fitzcarraldo’s vessel did not make it in the end, and neither will Harrison’s. But the answer may well be in the attempt; as Harrison says: “I want to get the ship over the mountain.”

JJ Abrams’ memory lane

Published in Idol Magazine, August 2011. Original article here.

JJ Abrams’ memory lane
With otherworldly successes such as Star Trek and Lost on his record, it’s clear JJ Abrams has a thing for the supernatural. With his new film Super 8 there’s plenty of mystery, but this time it’s personal. We sat down with JJ Abrams for a chat about creating a teenage world, working with a childhood hero, and learning to trust your own voice.

“I was definitely the fat kid making movies. I was the loner oddball kid who didn’t have the confidence,” says JJ Abrams. It’s still all about the films, although it’s safe to say life has changed since the days of Abrams’ early directing efforts. But even at 46, the director has some of the geeky kid left in him as he greets me with a polite handshake, in his horn-rimmed glasses, blue checked shirt and a curly mop of hair standing on end. Elle Fanning, Super 8’s sparkling leading lady, called him “a big kid” at the press conference earlier in the day, and it’s easy to see why. When Abrams gets excited about a topic there’s no stopping him: words stumble out and hands gesticulate wildly, oblivious to time-keeping PRs tapping their watches.

While Abrams is sticking with a sci-fi theme with Super 8, his new Hollywood release takes him back to own teenage experiences with a camera loaded with 8-millimetre film. Super 8 is set to 1979, where a group of teenagers are making a film much in the same way Abrams used to do: “I felt it would be fun to revisit that period of my life.”

The retro setting prompted Abrams to get in touch with the man who for him is the embodiment of the era’s cinematic style: Steven Spielberg. “He just got it instantly. He said ‘Yes, I love that idea’.” Spielberg and Abrams ended up developing the story about the young filmmakers into a larger sci-fi adventure, where the kids become witnesses to a massive train crash outside their hometown. Amazing discoveries follow as they start digging into the mysterious circumstances surrounding the accident.

But this isn’t the first time Abrams has worked with Spielberg. It was a teenage JJ who, at 15, received a surprising phone call from the director. Spielberg had taken notice of Abrams and his friend during a Los Angeles film festival: “We were asked, ‘Would you be interested in repairing Spielberg’s old 8mm films?’ We were confused as hell by this,” laughs Abrams. Because with 8mm-film there’s only one copy, meaning Spielberg was trusting a couple of random kids not to wreck his originals. “It made no sense at all. When I talk about this with him now he says, ’Well I knew you guys would take care of it.’ I still don’t believe him. It’s a ridiculous story, but it’s true.”

Abrams never met Spielberg during this early restoration project, but the experience became a turning point. When the two directors finally met many years later, Abrams was keen to see if Spielberg remembered who he was: “My heart was pounding!” But sure, Spielberg remembered young JJ, and told him he’d been following his career. Abrams called his friend as he was driving home to tell him about his long-awaited meeting with his hero: “I remember looking up and I was completely lost, I had no idea where I was driving. I was so excited!”

As a young filmmaker, it was a valuable lesson for Abrams to be able to see the early efforts from a leading director, and to understand that no one makes Jaws without some practice first. Back then there were no DVDs with hours of background materials, so it was a rare insight into the process.

“But I am still terrified by everything I do, what the reaction will be. The confidence [the Super 8 filmmakers] have is something I would see in friends of mine from school, and just … where the hell does that come from!” Abrams laughs.

But modesty aside, the director has become one of the most popular new names in Hollywood. Amongst his new projects is a script collaboration with the author Colum McCann, and Abrams hopes to start filming a new Star Trek film soon: “The script is being worked on right now so I’m looking forward to seeing it.”

So after working with Spielberg can we now say the teacher has become the master? “Eh, that sure hasn’t happened,” says Abrams, chuckling. “But I will say that working with Steven has been an education. Partly one in temperament and patience, and also going back to confidence, in trusting your own voice.”

As a sci-fi director, Abrams is quick to praise advancements in technological, which mean he can deliver increasingly better special effects. But there is no doubt the 1970s world of Super 8 has brought on a bout of nostalgia.

“And I think it goes far beyond just film. There is now a kind of instant information, instant purchase, instant understanding that is so counter-intuitive and lacking in experience. Think about [when you had] to get in your car or on your bike and go to the store, walking through the aisles, hearing the other music and finding the album and going to buy it. Then you pay and you’re meeting the person who’s working there … There’s a whole investment into that and when you get home you make sure you listen to that song or the whole album because you’ve just [done all this].”

The PR has is now loudly clearing her throat; we have gone over our allotted time. But Abrams isn’t finished, so he apologises and talks even faster: “There was such a thrill working on a story that existed in an environment pre-cellphone, pre-VHS, pre-downloads. It made me miss it, frankly. … [Now], by not requiring any real investment in time or thought, both the desire for things and the acquiring of things lacks any sort of effort. There is a sort of entitlement to knowing [we can] contact the person we want right away. That is so not the way it used to be, and there is something wonderful about the unknown and the unpredictable. It’s getting increasingly harder to find.”